Strategic decisions are only as good as the research that goes into making them. Candid's researchers analyze and interpret the most current philanthropic data so you can tap into it. Hundreds of full-text reports published over decades are available to download here in our frequently updated open access repository.

Also available: a collection of reports that use Candid data. Access the Candid data in the field library.

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Latino Leadership: Foundation Boards

January 1, 2015

Latino Leadership: Foundation Boards supports Hispanics in Philanthropy (HIP) in its efforts to build the pipeline for greater Latino leadership on foundation boards. The report presents data on foundation staff and board diversity and lifts up the perspectives of Latino leaders themselves, based on interviews with 15 current and former board members. The analysis synthesizes interviewees' experiences, highlighting the contributions Latinos bring to the boardroom, the challenges they face, and recommendations for moving forward.

Understanding and Benchmarking Foundation Payout

September 28, 2012

The vast majority of U.S. grantmaking foundations are required by law to distribute 5 percent of their investment assets annually for charitable purposes. While this requirement is commonly known, it is often not well understood.To provide a more informed perspective on how foundation payout works, Understanding and Benchmarking Foundation Payout defines and demystifies the concept of payout while addressing common misperceptions. The report addresses specific questions such as: What constitutes payout? How is the payout rate calculated? Why do foundation payout rates differ? It also delivers first-ever trend information detailing the payout practices of the largest U.S. foundations.Intended for policymakers, advocates, journalists, researchers, and the general public, this brief serves as a key resource for understanding payout and as an unbiased source of facts on actual practice.Among key findings from the new report:Most large endowed independent foundations paid out at or above the 5 percent required payout level during the period 2007 to 2009Nearly one-in-five endowed foundations had payout rates at or above 10 percentFew operating characteristics beyond endowment size were associated with consistently higher or lower payout rate practices, and variation was modestIn general, as endowment size increased, payout rates tended to decrease.

Special topic trends

Tracking the Field, Volume 3: Exploring Environmental Grantmaking

March 1, 2012

The third volume of Tracking the Field continues the advancement of data collected, analyzed, and presented to build a better understanding of the environmental philanthropic field. This data is fundamental to understanding environmental philanthropy overall. This volume captures U.S. foundations' initial response to the current economic crisis that began in 2008, and includes new innovations and a more comprehensive analysis of issues, strategies and global grantmaking by Environmental Grantmakers Association (EGA) members. Tracking the Field is part of a growing body of research of environmental funding trends across the globe, which includes Europe, Australia, and Canada. This report focuses both on overall U.S. environmental funding, as well as a deeper exploration of the EGA membership's grantmaking. Together with the interactive database available to members through EGA's website, Tracking the Field represents an evolving and innovative tool to enhance EGA members' ability to increase knowledge, coordination, and collaboration for enhancing the field.

Special topic trends

Diversity Metrics Forum: Developing Standards for the Collection of Data on Diversity in Philanthropy

September 1, 2010

In recent years, private foundation leaders have found themselves in the national spotlight due to growing public concern about the lack of available data on the diversity of foundation staff and boards, as well as grantee organizations and the communities they serve with the support of philanthropic dollars. This report summarizes the discussions that took place at the Diversity Metrics Forum, which brought together 47 foundation leaders, researchers, and representatives of philanthropic infrastructure organizations to discuss strategies for systematically collecting data on diversity in philanthropy.

Special topic trends

Benchmarking Diversity: A First Look at New York City Foundations and Nonprofits

October 8, 2009

New York City foundations and nonprofit organizations have racially diverse staffs, according to a new report by Philanthropy New York and the Foundation Center, but this diversity decreases at higher levels of seniority. A substantial number of foundations and nonprofits are tracking information about the racial and ethnic makeup of the grantees and populations that they respectively serve. The study is the first of its kind in New York City and the nation to examine "both sides" of the equation -- with survey data from 95 grantmaking foundations and 540 nonprofit organizations in the five boroughs.

Regional trends; Special topic trends

What Drives Foundation Expenses & Compensation? Results of a Three-Year Study

February 1, 2008

Foundation type, size, staffing patterns, and operating activities are the key factors that consistently drive foundation expense and compensation patterns, according to a new report issued jointly by the Urban Institute, the Foundation Center, and GuideStar. "What Drives Foundation Expenses and Compensation? Results of a Three-Year Study" shows that even under changing or volatile economic conditions, the administrative expense and compensation patterns of U.S. foundations are consistent and predictable. The report presents final results from the first large-scale, long-term study of independent, corporate, and community foundations' expenses and compensation. Key findings include: Foundations differ greatly in their structures, resources, and operating characteristics and these differences significantly affect their expense levels. Employment of staff is the single most important factor affecting expense levels, followed by staff size and level of program activities. Most foundations do not compensate board members; those that do are most often staffed and independent. There is relatively little year-to-year change in the factors that drive expense ratios and in how foundations allocate their charitable administrative expenses.

Special topic trends

Foundation Expenses and Compensation: How Operating Characteristics Influence Spending

January 27, 2006

This report examines the impact of a broader range of operating charateristics on the spending patterns of the 10,000 largest independent, corporate, and community foundations by giving. It provides an overview of the composition of expenses of the three types of foundations and documents how major differences in foundations' operating characteristics have an impact on their expense levels. The appendices include the methodology of the study, the list of variables as well as benchmarking tables.

Special topic trends

September 11: Perspectives From the Field of Philanthropy -- Volume Three

January 1, 2004

Assesses the philanthropic sector's response to September 11 through interviews with leaders in the field. Provides lessons learned in the government-philanthropic relief effort, highlighting unresolved public policy issues. Includes recommendations.

Special topic trends

9/11 Relief and Regranting Funds

December 1, 2003

This report provides an overview of the activities and beneficiaries of the funds and agencies involved in 9/11-related disaster relief and recovery, drawn from data compiled by the Foundation Center through September 2003. Reflecting differences in sources of information, the report offers two distinct and complementary views of the funds:Part I discusses findings from our 2003 survey of large and small relief funds and agencies. The survey provides a broad perspective on the activities and practices of 9/11-related charities and considers the impact of size and sponsor type on patterns of assistance, sources of support, and timetables for distributing aid. More importantly, it sheds light on some of the planning and operational constraints involved in the delivery of disaster relief and the creative responses and collaborative efforts required to overcome these difficulties and achieve results.Part II documents total contributions raised and distributed by 40 of the largest 9/11 relief and regranting funds. The analysis tracks the purposes and beneficiaries of nearly $2.2 billion distributed by these charities for relief and recovery efforts through September 2003, and projects distribution patterns for unspent funds.

Special topic trends

September 11: Perspectives From the Field of Philanthropy -- Volume Two

January 1, 2003

Assesses the philanthropic sector's response to September 11 through in-depth interviews with leaders in the field, including material that underscores the significance of the aid provided by philanthropic and charitable organizations.

Special topic trends